The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. The L293D devices are quadruple high current half-H drivers. The L293Dis a dual channel motor driver IC capable of driving dual DC motors with bidirectional control and a single stepper motor. A H-bridge motor driver consist of four switches (usually MOSFETs) arranged in a certain formation and the motor is connected to the center of the arrangement to form the H-like structureīy Closing/enabling two opposite switches we can change the direction of the flowing current thus changing the direction of rotation. A common technique to do that is by using an H-bridge motor driver. To change the direction of rotation of a DC motor you need to change the polarity of the supply. The higher the duty cycle, the higher the average voltage applied to the DC motor (resulting in higher speed) and the shorter the duty cycle, the lower the average voltage applied to the DC motor (resulting in lower speed). In PWM the applied voltage is adjusted by sending a series of pulses so the output voltage is proportional pulse width generated by the microcontroller that is also known as duty cycle. A common technique to do that is PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). When we are talking about a DC motor to change the speed of the DC motor we need to change the amplitude of the input voltage that is applied to the motor. In order to get complete control of the motor we need to take control of the speed and direction of the motor, and to do that we need to use Pulse Width Modulation or PWM Technique to control the speed and we are going to use the internal H-bridge to control the direction of the motor. Controlling a DC Motor with Microcontroller In our previous project we have built many projects with L293D motor drive IC like RF Controlled Robot, Automatic Door Opener using Arduino, and Interfacing Stepper Motor with AVR Microcontroller Atmega16 you can check those out if you are interested in those topic. Which is why in this tutorial we will be using the popular L293D motor driver IC to simple control the speed and direction of the motor. And one of the best ways to do it is by using a L293D motor driver IC, because it's cheap, easy to use and with a bit of PWM support it can control both speed and direction. If you are planning on building a robot with DC motors then you will eventually learn that you need to control both the speed and direction of the motor if you want it to move it in a certain direction.
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