History Rudolf Clausius (1822–1888), originator of the concept of entropy This description has been identified as a universal definition of the concept of entropy. Upon John von Neumann's suggestion, Shannon named this entity of missing information in analogous manner to its use in statistical mechanics as entropy, and gave birth to the field of information theory. In 1948, Bell Labs scientist Claude Shannon developed similar statistical concepts of measuring microscopic uncertainty and multiplicity to the problem of random losses of information in telecommunication signals. ![]() ![]() He thereby introduced the concept of statistical disorder and probability distributions into a new field of thermodynamics, called statistical mechanics, and found the link between the microscopic interactions, which fluctuate about an average configuration, to the macroscopically observable behavior, in form of a simple logarithmic law, with a proportionality constant, the Boltzmann constant, that has become one of the defining universal constants for the modern International System of Units (SI). A consequence of the second law of thermodynamics is that certain processes are irreversible.Īustrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann explained entropy as the measure of the number of possible microscopic arrangements or states of individual atoms and molecules of a system that comply with the macroscopic condition of the system. As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest. Įntropy is central to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system left to spontaneous evolution cannot decrease with time. Referring to microscopic constitution and structure, in 1862, Clausius interpreted the concept as meaning disgregation. He initially described it as transformation-content, in German Verwandlungsinhalt, and later coined the term entropy from a Greek word for transformation. In 1865, German physicist Rudolf Clausius, one of the leading founders of the field of thermodynamics, defined it as the quotient of an infinitesimal amount of heat to the instantaneous temperature. ![]() ![]() The thermodynamic concept was referred to by Scottish scientist and engineer William Rankine in 1850 with the names thermodynamic function and heat-potential. It has found far-ranging applications in chemistry and physics, in biological systems and their relation to life, in cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change, and information systems including the transmission of information in telecommunication. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory. This molecular-scale interpretation of entropy provides a link to the probability that a process will occur as illustrated in the next paragraphs.Entropy is a scientific concept, as well as a measurable physical property, that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. Conversely, processes that reduce the number of microstates, \(\Omega_f < \Omega_i\), yield a decrease in system entropy, \(ΔS < 0\). \]įor processes involving an increase in the number of microstates, \(\Omega_f > \Omega_i\), the entropy of the system increases, \(ΔS > 0\).
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![]() Once cooled, combine the other ingredients gradually. In no way does any affiliate relationship ever factor into a recommendation, or alter the integrity of the information we provide. Add milk, saffron and Vanilla powder and cook on a low flame until theyre well-blended. Links on this website may lead you to a product or service that provides an affiliate commission to the owners of this site should you make a purchase. The publisher of this site is not responsible for any errors or omissions in any content herein. Additionally, the opinions expressed at do not represent the views of each and every author or contributor to. Those who do not seek council from the appropriate health care authority assume the liability of any injury which may occur. serving, Vanilla NESQUIK will help you take on the day. Made with 100 Real Milk and 14g of Protein in every 14 fl. This yummy vanilla flavored lowfat milk is perfect on the go or as a quick sip at home. The information and opinions found on this website are written based on the best data available at the time of writing, and are believed to be accurate according to the best discernment of the authors. Brighten your day with delicious ready to drink NESQUIK vanilla flavored lowfat milk. Any health concern or condition should be addressed by a doctor or other appropriate health care professional. All material provided at is for informational purposes only, and is not to be taken as medical advice or recommendation. For Fun: 1 tablespoon paleo chocolate chunks. For Healthy Fats: 2 tablespoons unsalted, natural creamy nut butter, or more MCT oil. For Protein Boost: 2 tablespoons peanut powder. ![]() is committed to providing information on natural and alternative health, but is not written by health care professionals. For Fruit: sub 1/2 cup ice cubes with ½-3/4 cup frozen fruit, such as strawberries, peaches or blueberries. MEDICAL AND GENERAL DISCLAIMER FOR LOSEWEIGHTBYEATING.COM These 10 vanilla meal replacement shakes are yummy and healthy. Pour into a glass and immediately rinse your blender out (to stop the ingredients from sticking to the inside).ġ0 Vanilla Protein Shake Recipes for Weight Loss.Blend until smooth, adding more almond milk or water 1/8 of a cup at a time to reach desired thickness.How to Make Vanilla Protein Powder Shakes Recipes: Each bag is 1kg net weight Makes approximately 33 drinks (based on 30g per 500ml drink) 1 case contains 20 bags Flavoured milk tea powder Click download. Special Tip: Make sure to wash out your blender right away… otherwise the protein powder and yogurt will stick and make clean up (later) difficult. 2 Tablespoons peanut butter or peanut butter powder + more for drizzling. Making a healthy protein shake is easy, and a great way to boost protein and nutrition.īut what I love most, is that this low cost meal replacement shake is also easy to clean up, and easy to travel with. Shopping Lists for 10 Vanilla Protein Powder Shake Recipes: Simple Vanilla Protein Shake: There you can choose how many meal replacement protein smoothies you want to make, and it will do the measurement math for you. Special Tip: You can find all the measurements in the recipe card below. ![]() The "grandfather clause" stated that black men could only vote if their parents or grandparents were able to vote before the year 1867 - which was, conveniently for the racist lawmakers, many years before black Americans were permitted access to voting rights. At that time, several Southern states developed and enforced the clause as a way to defy the 15th Amendment, and thus prevent black Americans from utilizing their then-newfound right to vote. In Reply to: Ace of Spades posted by Bruce Kahl on February 28, 2005: : : : : Hi folks Started watching lots of late night poker on Sky, and have noticed when someone gets a full house of 3 aces and two 8s, they call it a dead mans hand. The term "grandfather clause" originated in the American South, way back in the 1890s. And this one didn't take on a bad meaning over the years - this one's been racist from the very beginning. So, for example, you can be "grandfathered in" to your cell phone plan, or excluded from the new restrictions of your employer's health insurance premiums due to the "grandfather clause." Sounds harmless, right? Well, it's not. Upright Meaning: New ideas, mental clarity, new ways of thinking, focus, a new beginning brought on by a change in attitude. In many cultures, the ace of spades is also seen as a symbol of death. The pleasure is to play, it makes no difference what you say. Ace of Spades Meaning The ace of spades is the highest card in the deck, and as such, it has come to symbolize power, success, and good fortune. You win some, lose some, it's all the same to me. In case you aren't familiar "grandfather clause," or the act of being " grandfathered in," Merriam-Webster defines it as "a part of a law which says that the law does not apply to certain people and things because of conditions that existed before the law was passed." It's a term that is, ironically enough, most often used in professional, business-type situations. Verse 1 If you like to gamble, I tell you I'm your man. And now that I know where it comes from, I feel pretty horrible about how cavalierly I've tossed it around in the past. Of all the phrases on this list, I have probably heard this one used, and used it myself, more than any of the others. Here are five common phrases used in Western culture that have some seriously messed-up, racist backgrounds. However, that's not an excuse to keep from learning and thinking about what the things we say really mean, and the cultural baggage attached to them. So we can forgive ourselves for not knowing the history of every single word and phrase we use. ("Slut" and "queer" are two such terms.)īasically, English is a tricky language, and I think anyone who speaks it understands that. And sometimes, more happily, the opposite happens, and once-bigoted phrases are reclaimed and used in positive ways by the very groups they were intended to marginalize. Sometimes a perfectly innocuous phrase can be utilized by racists for their horrible agenda, tainting it. Sometimes a word's troubling origins are forgotten. And sometimes, this means that certain terms and phrases can change their meaning over time. Of course, the nature of the English language (or any language, really) is that it's almost constantly changing. Over time, we forgot about those definitions, and have gone back to using the phrases as usual - but when we do so, we're carrying their secret racist history with us. While that's horrible, it's also not the end of the story - many common phrases we use every day, which did not have initially racist origins, were then repurposed to have racist meanings somewhere along the line. ![]() But what I didn't know until recently is that in the U.S., a lot of our most popular phrases have racist origins. So give your buck one last night of treating his inner teen before he mans up and marries the love of his life.Have you ever used a common phrase, one you've heard a thousand times before, and suddenly wondered, "Where did that expression even come from, anyway?" I know I have. Auckland’s ladies will blow your mind and your wallet. Wellington has nothing smaller than a pair of Double Ds. Adelaide has some real hidden peaches hiding out beneath the spotlight and paper bills. Byron Bay’s strippers are typically wild. Darwin get ready for some real beauties that can handle themselves off the stage too. Hobart can expect something a little more close to home… ahem. Melbournes girls tend to be more worldwide if you know what we mean. The Gold Coast and Brisbane girls are blonde, with long lashes and full lips. We’ve connected with the best strip clubs in all of our locations except Airlie Beach and Cairns. In some cultures, they believe that drawing the Ace of Spades means that someone will soon die. The Good, The Naughty and The Paintball The Ace of Spades is a symbol of death and misfortune. ![]() ![]() Don’t fall in love with a name brand simply because of social-media hype or slick marketing campaigns. This question is easier answered by what you shouldn’t look for. Q: What should I look for when buying a crossbow? Best Crossbows for the Money: Reviews and Recommendations Best Overall: CenterPoint Wrath 430 Of course, we’ll help out by listing some top budget options. Narrow your field of focus first, and then dissect that field for the best value option available. Or maybe you’re looking for something ultra-narrow and compact. Some love the feel of a more traditional recurve crossbow. One tactic to employ on your search for the best crossbow for the money: Identify the type of bow you’d most like to own. Many models are available as a comprehensive kit, but some charge an additional premium for these extras. You can also gain value points by looking for a model that sells as a ready-to-hunt package that includes the scope, quiver, and arrows. This is a sound strategy because you’ll benefit from the same technologies and components on those more expensive crossbows-albeit in a model that’s a bit less feature-rich. That might mean looking at an xbow from a top brand that isn’t the company’s “flagship” model. The best crossbow for the money is one that delivers excellent performance and accuracy while meeting the constraints of your budget. Shopping for the Best Crossbows for the Money Best TenPoint: Wicked Ridge Invader 400.But there are real bargains available, and finding the best crossbow for the money is not an impossible affair. With top-end crossbows costing several thousand dollars, entering this game can be expensive. Crossbow hunting can also be a pricey endeavor. The best crossbows are user-friendly (and shoulder-friendly) pieces of hunting equipment that have brought aging bowhunters back into the woods, while also introducing the sport to newcomers. Crossbow hunting is a growing part of the bow hunting landscape for a good reason. ![]() If you want to install it on other Linux distributions, you can refer to its GitHub page. Next, with the third command, you’re actually installing vtop. Here, you’re installing nodejs and its package manager npm first. How to install vtop?įor Ubuntu-based distros, you need to enter the following commands in the terminal sudo apt install nodejs Also, you can customize the vtop theme pretty easily. ![]() So, it makes things easier to understand and monitor. You can disable the mouse control if you don’t need it. It does offer mouse support and it looks like a GUI in a terminal. ![]() So, you’ll need to install node.js and npm packages. Unlike others, it is written using node.js. Vtop is an interesting utility to monitory system resources while having the ability to manage them as well. In either case, you can head to its official download page and look for packages for other Linux distros. How to install nmon?įor Ubuntu-based distros, you can simply type in: sudo apt install nmon The stats are color-coded as well, which makes them easy to go through. Unlike some other options, it gives you control to break down the information and display them one by one (toggle them) as neededĪs you can observe in the screenshots above, you have to press specific keys to toggle stats and look through them. Nmon is yet another useful utility that lets you monitor system resources and processes. In case you’re looking to install it on other Linux distros, you should refer to its official web page. rpm packages listed for every version on their official download page. If you’re on a Debian-based distro, you just have to type in: sudo apt install atop You can learn more about it on its official website. In my case, I’d prefer htop over this - but it depends on what information you’re looking to monitor and what are the extra features that you want. Even though I’m not a professional system administrator, it’s easy to say how useful it is to see the critical resource being highlighted. It also supports permanent logging of resource utilization if you want it for long-term analysis. If you want more details on the running processes or the ones that were previously running, atop is a useful utility for that. In either case, you can also download the source if you want. You can also find RPM/DEB packages from the links on their official website for other Linux distributions. How to install htop?įor Ubuntu-based distros, you just have to head to the terminal and type in: sudo apt install htop It lets you kill processes, filter them, offers tree view of processes (press F5), and a couple of other features. In fact, I personally prefer using htop over top to keep an eye on the system resources and the processes. Not just limited to the advanced features - but it also highlights the processes and information using some color codes which makes it look more organized and easy to work with. Htop is an interactive system monitor that supports scrolling and mouse interaction as well. The list is in no particular order of ranking. Almost all the tools mentioned here should be available via the package manager of other distributions as well. I have included installation commands for Debian/Ubuntu based distributions. Hence, in this article, I’ll mention a few good alternatives to the top command utility that are potentially better. Useful system monitoring tools like top (but better than top) There are alternatives which provide you more information on the running processes and lets you manage them easily. For these reasons, using top command to its fullest is not easy for everyone. However, you won’t find any mouse support, scroll support, no colors to highlight things, and a few other cons. Why do you need “Top” Alternatives?Ĭonsidering that you’ll find it baked in on most of the Linux distribution by default, top isn’t going anywhere. It also gives you the ability to kill processes that you don’t need.īut, what alternatives do you have? Do you need any? Let’s find out. In case you didn’t know, the “Top” utility helps display all the running processes and gives you some important information on the performance of your personal computer or server. No matter whether you’re a system administrator or just a casual desktop user, you may have heard about one of the most popular terminal-based system monitoring tool “ top“. ![]() ![]() Do I need to file an amended return if I live in a community property state and did not enter the correct exclusion amount on Schedule 1, line 8? (updated December 2, 2022)Ī2. Keep that notice for your records in case your tax return preparer or state department of taxation requests a copy. The IRS did not correct your account as part of the automatic correction process.ĭo not file an amended return if you already filed one to claim the 2020 unemployment compensation exclusion.Īny resulting overpayment of tax will be either refunded or applied to your other outstanding tax liabilities.Ī notice confirming the changes resulting from your amended return will be sent to you when your account is corrected.You already filed your 2020 tax return without claiming the exclusion.You are eligible to exclude up to $10,200 in unemployment compensation (up to $10,200 per spouse if you and your spouse file a joint return) that you reported on your 2020 return.If you are entitled to the exclusion and your account was not automatically corrected by the IRS, you may need to file an amended return to claim the exclusion and any applicable non-refundable or refundable credits impacted by the exclusion if all the following conditions apply: The IRS is no longer performing automatic corrections of tax year 2020 accounts to allow the unemployment compensation exclusion for taxpayers who claimed unemployment compensation on their 2020 return. Q1. What if I already filed my 2020 tax return? Do I need to file a Form 1040-X to amend my tax return to report the exclusion and claim any applicable credits/deductions? (updated December 2, 2022)Ī1. These updated FAQs were released to the public in Fact Sheet 2022-39 PDF, December 2, 2022. ![]() And then you could edit the ID3 tags for Vimeo audio files. In the new window, you can trim the audio track to the part you want to keep. Then click it to launch the editing mode. Just touch on the recorded audio track and you will see the "edit" icon. Step 4Edit recorded Vimeo audio tracks When all the Vimeo audios are recorded in the main program interface, you could get started to edit for them. To stop the recording process, you could stop playing the videos or just click "Stop" button in the main interface. At the time you play the videos, you will see a new window which shows you the real-time recording process. On Vimeo, you need to find the videos that you want to extract audios from and then play them. Step 3Grab and download music from Vimeo After the setting, you could choose the target web browser to enter to Vimeo. Then click "Preferences" > "Convert" and you will change the folder. By the way, if you want to change the output folder for Vimeo music, please click "Menu" at the top right of the main interface. Besides, you could also customize the bit rate, sample rate, etc. Please click "audio" icon to launch the setting mode. We offer several audio formats for you and here we highly recommend you to choose MP3, because MP3 audio formats is compatible with many devices. ![]() Step 2Set Vimeo to MP3 audio format Before you start to record Vimeo audios, you need to set the audio formats for them. If not, then you need to drag it from your computer to the main interface or click "+" to add it in. What you need to do next is checking whether the target web browser you want to use to enter to Vimeo is in it. ![]() After opening, you will see some icons of other programs in the main interface, like Google Chrome, iTunes, etc. Step 1Launch DRmare Music Capture program Once you had successfully installed DRmare program on your computer, then please double click the program icon at the desktop of your computer to launch it. After that, you can use it and follow us to start to get Vimeo audios for playback on other devices. In order to follow the steps below, please download and install DRmare program on your computer first by clicking the above "Download" button. In this part, we are going to show you how to use DRmare Audio Capture software to record and download music from Vimeo video. Besides, this tool can capture multi-tracks at the same time without interrupting with each other, which can save lots of your time to finish the recording process. The audio files it records and downloads are with high audio quality and you could edit for the downloaded files according to your requirements. And then it will download Vimeo to MP3 audio or other common audio formats, you can preset for them before recording. It is a powerful and smart tool that can grab the audios from Vimeo video and record them automatically. You could use Sound Capture for Windows/ Mac to rip Vimeo audios. But here we would like to show you a professional way to get Vimeo song download. There are plenty of tools that can help you extract audio from Vimeo. Download Music from Vimeo with Professional Tool Below is the easiest and simple way for you to do that. To make it possible, then you need to use a tool to download Vimeo to MP3 audio. Some people would like to keep and listen to the audios later they find in Vimeo videos, such as lectures, presentations, etc. Some people just want to listen to the music which attracts them without the video. Every day, there are lots of videos uploaded by Vimeo members, including music and film artists.Īs for Vimeo videos, people want to save its videos or audios for different reasons. ![]() Vimeo is a popular video sharing platform which users can view, upload and share videos on it freely. " This was accomplished by targeting the DevOps engineer’s home computer and exploiting a vulnerable third-party media software package, which enabled remote code execution capability and allowed the threat actor to implant keylogger malware. I will quote the paragraph that broke this security camel's back in full as it relates to how the attacker got access to the decryption keys for the cloud storage service: LastPass confirms senior developer using home computer was hacked LastPassĮven now, in the same statement that assured customers that LastPass had listened to concerns about communicating more comprehensively, the bombshell disclosure was contained in a separate 'additional details' document. The security incidents were not, the statement read, "caused by any LastPass product defect." Maybe not, but corporate security processes and controls appear to have fallen even shorter than corporate comms. However, the red flags started waving for me when the statement confirmed that a threat actor had "targeted a senior DevOps engineer by exploiting vulnerable third-party software." Wait, what?īy doing so, we were informed that the attacker delivered malware that could bypass security controls and gain access to those cloud backups. ![]() That's fair enough file under lessons learned. This confirmed that LastPass needed to catch up regarding communication regarding the security incidents being comprehensive and frequent enough. "Trust is paramount in the world of password management," I concluded, "and there can be little doubt that trust is being tested hard right now." MORE FROM FORBES LastPass Password Vaults Stolen By Hackers-Change Your Master Password Now By Davey Winder The final LastPass hack attack bombshell dropsĪnd then, on March 1, yet another update to the December 22 incident disclosure dropped. This gave the attacker a head start on any attempts to decrypt vaults, as users had been advised that no further action was required up until this point. This wouldn't help anyone with a weak master password in terms of the stolen vaults, of course, so those customers were advised to change all their passwords as soon as possible.Īt this point, I stated that if I were a LastPass user, I'd be looking for alternatives given the drip feed of breach information, especially since it took so long to determine that customer vaults had been stolen. At this point, I recommended that users change their master password, which would also re-encrypt their password vault, based on better safe than sorry. ![]() With local access to the encrypted databases, this becomes a lot easier to pull off but is still dependent on the user either having a weakly constructed master password or one reused across services, including one that has been compromised. Unless, of course, they used brute-force methods to try known passwords from other breaches. ![]() This meant the attacker now had customer password vaults but not the means to open them. LastPass attacker stole customer password vaults ![]() Additionally, choose up to five creatures you can see at the end of your rest. These temporary hit points equal your warlock level + your Charisma modifier. Starting at 10th level, you gain temporary hit points whenever you finish a long or short rest. Once you use this feature, you can’t use it again until you finish a long rest. All hostile creatures within 30 feet of you take 10 + your Charisma modifier radiant damage and are blinded until the end of your turn. You immediately stand up (if you so choose), and you regain hit points equal to half your hit point maximum. When you would make a death saving throw, you can instead spring back to your feet with a burst of radiant energy. Starting at 6th level, the radiant energy you channel allows you to overcome grievous injuries. They don't count against your number of cantrips known. Additionally, you know the sacred flame and light cantrips and can cast them at will. You have resistance to radiant damage, and when you cast a spell that deals radiant damage or fire damage, you add your Charisma modifier to that damage. Starting at 1st level, your link to the Positive Plane allows you to serve as a conduit for radiant energy. The following spells are added to the warlock spell list for you. The Undying Light lets you choose from an expanded list of spells when you learn a warlock spell. Putting it down is an unbearable thought. In a dark area, you always carry a lit torch or lantern. You fidget and are irritable when you can’t see the sun. You have an overwhelming hatred of undead creatures. You have a compulsion to enter and illuminate dark areas. You have a nervous compulsion to keep a bright light in even the barest shadow. You are afraid of the dark, and must always have a light source at hand. At the same time, you crave the light and find total darkness a suffocating experience akin to drowning.Īs an optional way to add more flavor to your character, you can pick from or roll on the following table of flaws associated with warlocks of the Undying Light. You are driven to bring light to dark places, to annihilate undead creatures, and to protect all living things. Contact with the Positive Plane causes subtle changes to your behavior and beliefs. Anything more, and you would be instantly incinerated by its energy. Your pact allows you to experience the barest touch of the raw stuff of life that powers the multiverse. Your patron is not a specific entity, but the energy that radiates from the Positive Plane. "Give yourself to the light, child, and allow it to cleanse you." ![]() Unfortunately, we are not able to offer all Office 365 features to the University of Denver community. Skype for Business - instant messaging and video chat from your phone or computer. ![]()
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